The colon is a crucial part of the digestive system, specifically the large bowel. Colon cancer is predominantly diagnosed in older individuals and is the third most prevalent form of cancer globally. Additional types of bowel cancer include:
Rectal cancer: The rectum, which is part of the large bowel in the digestive system, is where this form of cancer originates. It is also more commonly diagnosed in older individuals.
Anal cancer: Anal cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the anus, which is part of the large bowel in the digestive system.
Small bowel cancer: The small bowel, also known as the small intestine, is a rare site for cancers to develop within the digestive system.
Anorectal melanoma: Anorectal melanoma is a rare type of cancer that initiates in the anus or rectum, also known as the back passage. Anorectal melanoma is alternatively referred to as anorectal mucosal melanoma (ARMM).
Melanoma develops from cells called melanocytes, which are responsible for providing colour to the skin. Typically, melanoma begins in the skin, but there are also small numbers of melanocytes in the mucosa. The mucosa is a tissue lining various parts of the body, including the anus and rectum. When melanoma develops in the mucosa, it is referred to as mucosal melanoma.
Symptoms of rectal cancer may include:
Blood in stools (poo)
Bleeding from the back passage
Changes in bowel habits from what is normal for the individual.